A new study by the University of the Free State has found that sanitary pads and pantyliners sold in South Africa contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including in products marketed as free from harmful substances.
The research, published in the journal Science of the Total Environment, analysed 16 brands of sanitary pads and eight types of pantyliners available in local retail stores. Every product tested contained at least two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs).
The team examined three categories of substances: phthalates, bisphenols, including BPA, and parabens. Bisphenols were detected in all sanitary pads and in 75% of pantyliners. Parabens appeared in more than 81% of pads and 75% of liners. Phthalates were found in all pantyliners and in half of the pads tested.
Researchers noted that these chemicals may migrate into products during manufacturing, particularly from plastics and adhesives used in production. Although the levels identified in individual products were relatively low, the study emphasised the potential impact of repeated exposure over many years.
Because menstrual products come into direct contact with mucosal tissue, chemical absorption may occur more readily than through normal skin. Previous international research has linked certain endocrine disruptors to hormonal imbalance, fertility problems, endometriosis and some cancers.
The study also pointed to regulatory gaps, stating that current South African standards focus mainly on microbiological safety and absorbency rather than chemical composition. Manufacturers are not generally required to disclose the full list of ingredients.
Researchers recommended that consumers consider products certified under OEKO-TEX Standard 100 or explore reusable alternatives, while calling for clearer labelling and updated chemical safety standards.
